Arthritis in the Big Toe: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Arthritis in the big toe is a common condition that can significantly affect mobility, balance, and everyday comfort. Because the big toe plays a vital role in walking, running, and maintaining stability, even mild inflammation in this joint can lead to ongoing pain and stiffness.

If you’re experiencing arthritis in your big toe, understanding the causes, symptoms, and available treatment options is the first step toward improving function and reducing discomfort. You can book an appointment with our podiatry team here.

In this article, we’ll explore what big toe arthritis is, why it happens, and how allied health support can provide effective arthritis in toes help.

What Is Arthritis in the Big Toe?

Arthritis refers to inflammation and degeneration within a joint. When it affects the big toe joint — also known as the first metatarsophalangeal joint — it can cause pain, swelling, and reduced range of motion.

Big toe arthritis is often linked to a condition called hallux rigidus, which involves progressive stiffness of the toe joint.

In some cases, people may notice arthritis in one toe only, while others experience symptoms in multiple joints throughout the foot.

Common Causes of Arthritis in the Big Toe

There are several reasons arthritis may develop in the big toe joint, including:

1. Osteoarthritis (Wear and Tear)

The most common form is osteoarthritis, which occurs when cartilage gradually breaks down over time. This leads to joint friction, pain, and stiffness.

2. Previous Injury or Trauma

A history of sprains, fractures, or repetitive stress can increase the likelihood of arthritis in the big toe.

3. Biomechanical Issues

Abnormal foot mechanics, such as flat feet or poor gait patterns, may place excessive pressure on the big toe joint, contributing to degeneration.

4. Inflammatory Arthritis Conditions

Conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis or psoriatic arthritis can also affect the toes, causing joint inflammation beyond normal wear and tear.

5. Gout

Gout is a type of inflammatory arthritis that often targets the big toe joint, leading to sudden episodes of intense pain and swelling.

Symptoms of Arthritis in Your Big Toe

Symptoms can range from mild discomfort to severe limitations in movement. Common signs include:

• Pain at the base of the big toe, especially when walking

• Swelling and tenderness around the joint

• Stiffness, particularly in the morning or after rest

• Reduced ability to bend the toe upward

• Difficulty wearing certain shoes

• A visible bony bump on the top of the joint

• Pain that worsens with activity

Many people seek arthritis in toes help when daily activities such as climbing stairs, exercising, or even standing become uncomfortable.

Can You Have Arthritis in One Toe?

Yes — arthritis in one toe is possible, particularly if the joint has experienced injury, uneven pressure, or early degenerative changes.

However, persistent pain in a single toe should always be properly assessed, as other conditions (such as gout, tendon injury, or stress fractures) can mimic arthritis symptoms.

Treatment Options for Arthritis in the Big Toe

The good news is that big toe arthritis can often be managed effectively with conservative, evidence-based treatment.

1. Podiatry Assessment and Footwear Advice

A podiatrist can assess joint mobility, foot alignment, and walking mechanics. Supportive footwear with a stiff sole may reduce joint strain.

2. Orthotics and Insoles

Custom orthotics can help redistribute pressure away from the big toe joint, improving comfort and reducing progression of symptoms.

3. Physiotherapy for Joint Mobility

Physiotherapy may include:

• Gentle joint mobilisation

• Strengthening exercises for the foot and lower limb

• Gait retraining

• Pain management strategies

This can help improve walking ability and reduce stiffness.

4. Exercise Physiology for Long-Term Support

Structured exercise programs can support mobility and strength while minimising stress on arthritic joints — particularly for older adults or those managing chronic arthritis.

5. Anti-Inflammatory Strategies

Your healthcare provider may recommend:

• Ice and elevation during flare-ups

• Short-term anti-inflammatory medications (as advised by a GP)

• Activity modification

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6. Corticosteroid Injections (When Appropriate)

In some cases, injections may provide temporary relief for inflammation, though they are not a long-term solution.

7. Surgical Options (Advanced Cases)

When arthritis becomes severe and conservative treatments no longer help, surgery may be considered. Procedures may include joint fusion or joint replacement, depending on the condition.

When to Seek Professional Arthritis in Toes Help

You should seek assessment if you experience:

• Persistent big toe pain lasting more than a few weeks

• Increasing stiffness or swelling

• Difficulty walking or exercising

• Symptoms affecting daily activities

• Sudden severe pain (possible gout flare)

Early treatment can reduce progression and improve long-term outcomes.

Book an assessment today to get personalized arthritis in toes help.

How Sydney Allied Health Group Can Help

At Sydney Allied Health Group, our multidisciplinary team provides evidence-based support for arthritis in the big toe through:

• Podiatry care and biomechanical assessment

• Physiotherapy for mobility and pain management

• Exercise physiology programs for strength and function

• Individualised treatment plans focused on long-term movement outcomes

Our collaborative approach helps patients stay active, reduce discomfort, and improve overall foot health.