Understanding Osteoporosis and Bone Health
- Sydney Allied Health
- Oct 16
- 3 min read
Sourced from: Getty Images Osteoporosis is often called the “silent disease” and for good reason. It can progress unnoticed for years until a fracture occurs, leading to pain, disability, and loss of independence. But what exactly is osteoporosis, and how can we prevent or manage it? Here’s a breakdown of everything you need to know.
What Is Osteoporosis?
The most widely accepted definition of osteoporosis comes from the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH), which describes it as:
“A skeletal disorder characterised by compromised bone strength, predisposing a person to an increased risk of fracture.”
In simpler terms, osteoporosis is a condition where bones become weak and brittle due to a decline in bone mineral density (BMD), making them more susceptible to fractures. Areas commonly fractured include the spine, hips, and wrists.
What About Osteopenia?
Osteopenia is the stage before osteoporosis. It occurs when bone density is lower than normal, but not low enough to meet the criteria for osteoporosis. Without proper lifestyle changes or medical intervention, osteopenia can progress to osteoporosis over time.
Prevalence in Australia
According to the 2022 National Health Survey (Australian Bureau of Statistics):
Around 853,600 Australians (3.4%) were living with osteoporosis or osteopenia.
Women were more affected than men (5.5% vs. 1.1%).
Prevalence was highest among women aged 75 and over (26%).
In 2018, nearly 29% of the burden of falls was attributed to low bone mineral density.
Risk Factors
Many factors contribute to the development of osteoporosis. These include:
Aging
Family history
Low physical activity
Vitamin D deficiency
Poor nutrition (especially low protein, calcium, and energy intake)
Smoking and excessive alcohol
Loss of muscle mass
Long-term corticosteroid use
Reduced estrogen levels (especially post-menopause)
Why Is Osteoporosis More Common in Women?
The answer lies in estrogen, a hormone that plays a critical role in bone health.
After menopause, estrogen levels drop sharply leading to accelerated bone loss and increased fracture risk in women.
Signs and Symptoms
Osteoporosis is often asymptomatic until a fracture occurs. That’s why it’s known as the “silent disease.”
Common signs when symptoms do appear:
Sudden back pain
Loss of height
Stooped posture or kyphosis (forward rounding of the back)
GPs may recommend a bone density scan if you’re at risk, even if you have no symptoms.
Prevention and Treatment
Exercise is Essential!
Exercise is one of the most powerful tools for maintaining and improving bone health.
According to Exercise & Sports Science Australia (ESSA), the best types of exercise for bone health include:
High-intensity progressive resistance training (PRT)
High-impact weight-bearing exercises (e.g. jumping)
Balance training (to prevent falls and fractures)
These types of exercises help stimulate bone growth, improve muscle strength, and enhance stability all essential for preventing fractures.
Who should you see?
An Accredited Exercise Physiologist (AEP) is the most qualified allied health professional to help you safely manage or prevent osteoporosis through movement.
AEPs create individualised exercise programs that are:
Tailored to your current health and fitness level
Focused on improving bone density, strength, and balance
Designed to be safe, effective, and sustainable over time
Osteoporosis may be silent, but it doesn’t have to be invisible. With early screening, lifestyle changes, and targeted exercise, you can significantly reduce the risk of fractures and improve your quality of life.
Take Action Today!
Book an appointment with an exercise physiologist and start building stronger, healthier bones today.
The best time to take care of your bones is now.
